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Sex trafficking is the most common form of human trafficking in Latin America due to the presence of traffickers that will prey on young women in brothels, bars, and cantinas. They will often target those with a history of sexual or physical abuse as well as those without opportunity, falsely offering them work or support. According to the Australian government , Australia is primarily a destination country for people trafficked from Asian countries such as Thailand, Korea, the Philippines, and Malaysia.
Studies in Australia have also found that as much as fifty percent of human traffickers are women, most of whom were at one time trafficked themselves. While North American countries have passed significant legislation and encouraged action against trafficking, trafficking is still a real and present threat. While human trafficking can happen all over the US, it tends to be concentrated to international travel hubs.
It affects both immigrant populations as well as native-born United States citizens. Especially vulnerable to trafficking in the US are runaways and homeless populations.
Adolescents who find themselves on the streets are at risk for being lured into trafficking by pimps or those who aid them. Vulnerable young men and boys are also at risk for labor trafficking and being lured into drug rings or petty crime. In Canada, data gathered indicates that young women and girls are most likely to be trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
The majority of statistics regarding trafficking are estimates at best. The truth is that many people in human trafficking situations go unidentified because of obstacles preventing their rescue and recovery.
The main sources of data on human trafficking globally are based on information provided by identified victims. These are usually collected by a range of different actors, including law enforcement, the judiciary, and non-governmental organizations providing protection and assistance to victims. Several UN agencies and international non-governmental organizations NGOs have collaborated to produce data sources on the profiles of victims of human trafficking, the prevalence of human trafficking, and on related phenomena such as forced labour and forced marriage.
In the course of protecting and providing services to victims, counter-trafficking actors frequently collect individual-level, operational case data. IOM has been providing direct assistance to victims of human trafficking since the mids and assists approximately 8, victims each year globally.
Through its case management activities, the Organization has developed the largest database of victim of trafficking case data in the world, with information on over 55, individual cases. Operational data from counter-trafficking organizations are often highly sensitive and pertain to individuals, which raises a range of privacy and civil liberty concerns where the risk of identifying data subjects can be high and the consequences severe. While many organizations and governments around the world collect data on cases of human trafficking, disaggregated data has not been easily accessible to external stakeholders or has not been frequently shared between relevant actors in the past due to the sensitivity of its content, and data protection and confidentiality considerations.
To overcome these challenges, in , IOM made its own data publicly available online through the Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative CTDC , along with combined data from other leading counter-trafficking organizations with significant case-level datasets. The Counter Trafficking Data Collaborative CTDC is the first global data hub on human trafficking, with data contributed by organizations from around the world. The resulting dataset is the largest of its kind globally, with information on over , individual cases of human trafficking visualized throughout the site, including through an interactive global map.
An anonymized version of this dataset is publicly available to download. By putting such data in the public domain, the goal of CTDC is to break down information-sharing barriers and equip the counter-trafficking community with up to date, reliable data on human trafficking.
As new data from contributing partners are added, CTDC will continue to expand in scope, featuring new datasets from diverse counter-trafficking actors and disseminating standards on sharing trafficking-case data. Disaggregated case-level data are the most detailed source of information on human trafficking and should thus play a vital part of any meaningful analysis on the phenomenon. Another key source of trafficking information is official reports on administrative data compiled by governments or other central reporting bodies on human trafficking cases within their national jurisdictions.
UNODC surveys governments on trafficking victims identified in their respective countries for the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, using a common questionnaire with a standard set of indicators, and then aggregates the results.
The most recent global report was produced in In , this exercise produced data on more than 24, identified victims of trafficking from 97 governments, a peak compared to the previous years. Data are largely published in the form of total numbers disaggregated by variables such as sex, age, and type of exploitation, wherever possible. In addition to government surveys, UNODC collects official information such as police reports that are available in the public domain, and some information from inter-governmental organisations and NGOs.
Some national estimates have been developed, including using human trafficking administrative data:. Multiple Systems Estimation is the methodology used to estimate the total unidentified and identified victims of trafficking at country level.
This is based on the analysis of the overlap of multiple lists of human trafficking cases provided by different actors in the counter-trafficking field, such as NGOs, law enforcement, other authorities and international organizations. MSE depends upon the existence of various databases of identified victims of human trafficking in the country of implementation.
A number of other technical assumptions should also be met. For example, it must be possible for more than one entity recording administrative data to be able to independently identify a victim of trafficking.
Researchers developing the method have estimated that it could potentially be used in approximately 50 countries around the world.
Initial estimates have already been conducted in several countries, including the UK and the Netherlands. Relatively few examples of estimates of related forms of exploitation exist:. Victims may be forced or tricked into an exploitative situation which constitutes trafficking after the traffickers uses violence, deception or blackmail. Criminals trafficking children target victims from extremely poor households, dysfunctional families or those who are abandoned and have no parental care.
According to the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol, the consent of the victim to the exploitation is irrelevant when the threat of or use of force, deception, coercion, abuse of power or position of vulnerability is used.
In the case of children, consent is irrelevant regardless of whether any means were used or not. About two per cent of the total convictions involved traffickers who were under the age of Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to convict far more females than males, with 80 per cent of convictions involving women, while in Central America and in East Asia, males and females were convicted in near-equal shares in While many traffickers have criminal backgrounds and use trafficking as a direct source of income, there are also business owners, intimate partners and other family members involved in human trafficking.
Court cases reveal instances of parents facilitating the sexual exploitation of their children or forcing them into street begging. UNODC has been collecting international statistics on detected victims of human trafficking since These show that human trafficking occurs in every region of the world.
States can be the origin, transit or destination country for victims, or even a combination of all. The collected data provide information on victims that were in contact with authorities and do not reflect the actual prevalence of the crime or the hidden number of victims. The data collected for the Global Report on Trafficking in Persons shows that in about 50, human trafficking victims were detected and reported by countries.
Europe, the Middle East, North America and some countries in East Asia and the Pacific are destinations for trafficking victims from a wide range of origins.
For the period , countries in Western and Southern Europe detected victims of different citizenships. During the same period, victims from East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were detected in a large number of countries in almost every region of the world. Central and South-Eastern European victims were detected in large numbers but mainly in European destinations. More information on regional trends in human trafficking can be found here.
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