Each probe is tagged with a different colored dye which fluoresces upon hybridization. See how microarray technology works Using a DNA based assay, one can easily detect bacterial strains directly from clinical samples or from small amounts of cultured bacterial cells, thus improving the sensitivity and decreasing the time required for bacterial identification.
PCR has been particularly useful in this regard, which relies on primer sequences designed to facilitate bacterial identification at any level of specificity: strain, species or genus. In recent years, real-time PCR methods have been developed and described for the rapid detection and identification of several bacterial strains. Real-time PCR is a promising tool for distinguishing specific sequences from a complex mixture of DNA and therefore is useful for determining the presence and quantity of pathogen-specific or other unique sequences within a sample.
Real-time PCR facilitates a rapid detection of low amounts of bacterial DNA accelerating therapeutic decisions and enabling an earlier adequate antibiotic treatment. Microarrays combines the potential of simultaneous bacterial identification and speciation.
This method is versatile and makes it possible to detect and discriminate different bacterial samples on a single slide. Need a crash course in methods for identifying microbes?
Species-level identification allows you to discriminate between two species from the same genus, which is often essential in the treatment of infectious diseases. For example, the bacterial genus Yersinia contains approximately 15 species, some of which form part of the normal human microflora, but others of which are serious pathogens and require medical treatment e. Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of bubonic plague. So, how do we go about identifying microbes?
Traditional methods rely on phenotypic identification using staining, culturing, and simple biochemical tests. Nowadays, more powerful molecular, immunological, and biochemical analytical methods complement and sometimes replace traditional methods.
Macroscopic features encompass the overall appearance of a microorganism, including its shape, size, color, and smell i. Stains enable easier visualization under a microscope. Cytology microscopes have specific requirements to ensure clear differentiation between stained cells. Gram staining is often the go-to test in bacterial identification.
This purple stain, based on the crystal violet dye, is named after the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed it. Microbiological shelf-life Product safety, retaining sensory, microbiological and chemical characteristics.
Challenge testing A practical study to determine the behaviour of relevant organisms. Predictive microbiology Computer simulation of the growth of microorganisms. Microorganism identification A key part of the management of food safety and quality. Rapid microbiological methods Advice on most suitable methods for use. Microbiological methods evaluation Evaluating microbiological methods, validation and interpretation.
Microbiological risk assessment Helping to guide clients through the complex evaluation process. Laboratory design Expertise in issues relating to microbiology laboratories. Processing to remove microorganisms Advice on different heating regimes.
Heat resistance Determine whether the process you are using will be sufficient to achieve your aims. Detection and control of foodborne viruses Foodborne viruses are a safety challenge for a range of foods.
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